Poyezd relslari nimadan yasalgan?
Jan 21, 2026
Chelik temir yo'lhar qanday temir yoʻl-asosidagi transport yoki ishlov berish tizimining asosiy konstruktiv elementi boʻlib, gʻildiraklarni boshqarish, vertikal va lateral yuklarni koʻtarish va uzoq muddatli-yoʻl geometriyasini saqlash uchun javobgardir. Temir yoʻl oʻzining optimallashtirilgan bosh-toʻr-poydevor kesimi- bilan gʻildirak kuchlarini shpallarga, balastlarga yoki poʻlat nurlarga oʻtkazadi, shu bilan birga egilish charchoqlari va sirt aşınmasına qarshi turadi.
Haqiqiy loyihalarda poezd relslari bitta universal materialdan tayyorlanmaydi. Buning o'rniga, turli xil temir yo'l standartlari va UIC60, 60E1, 75kg, 132RE, CR100 va BS113A kabi temir yo'l modellariga mos keladigan turli po'lat navlari tanlanadi. Ushbu material-profil juftligi xizmat muddatini, texnik xizmat ko'rsatish oralig'ini va mahkamlash tizimlari bilan mosligini belgilaydi.
Poyezd relslari nimadan yasalgan?
Poyezd relslari mustahkamligi va aşınmaya chidamliligini oshirish uchun asosan marganets yoki vanadiy qotishmalari bilan o‘rta{0}} va yuqori-karbonli po‘latlardan tayyorlanadi. Har xil darajadagi trafik intensivligi uchun turli darajalar qo'llaniladi.
| Chelik darajasi | Oddiy temir yo'l standartlari va modellari | Vazifa darajasi |
|---|---|---|
| Q235B | 18 kg,22 kg, 30kg (GB kon relslari) | Yengil transport, vaqtinchalik yo'llar |
| 55Q | 30kg, ASCE40 | O'rta sanoat transporti |
| U71Mn | 50kg, 60kg, QU70–QU120 | Og'ir sanoat va port temir yo'llari |
| U75V / U75VG | 60kg, 75kg (GB og'ir temir yo'l) | Og'ir{0}}temir yo'l uchastkalari |
| R260 | UIC54, UIC60, 54E1, 60E1 | Standart magistral temir yo'l |
| R350HT | UIC60, 60E1 (issiqlik bilan ishlov berilgan-) | Yuqori-tezlik va ogʻir yuk |
| 900A / 1100 | 115RE, 132RE (AREMA) | Shimoliy Amerika og'ir yuk |
Butun dunyo bo'ylab Common Rail po'lat navlarining kimyoviy tarkibi:
| Baho | Standart / mintaqa | Oddiy tarkibi (og'irligi%) |
| R260 | EN 13674-1 (Yevropa) | C: 0,67-0,80, Mn: 0,90-1,20, Si: 0,50 dan kam yoki unga teng |
| R350HT | EN 13674-1 (Yevropa) | C: 0,75-0,85, Mn: 0,80-1,20, Cr: 0,20-0,50 |
| 260-sinf | AREMA (Shimoliy Amerika) | C: ~0,77, Mn: ~1,0-1,2, Si: ~0,2 |
| 350-sinf | AREMA + Mill xususiyatlari (AQSh/Kanada) | C: 0,78-0,83, Mn: 0,90-1,20, Cr: 0,2-0,6, + V/Nb (mikroqotishma) |
| BH temir yo'li (Bainitik) | JIS E 1101 (Yaponiya), Yevropa Ittifoqi/Hindistonda qabul qilingan | C: 0,65–0,80, Mn: 1,0–1,4, Cr/Mo/Ni (ixtiyoriy, tegirmon-maxsus) |
| U71Mn | GB/T 2585 (Xitoy) | C: 0,65-0,77, Mn: 1,10-1,40, Si: 0,15-0,35 |
| U75V | GB/T 2585 (Xitoy) | C: 0,67-0,77, Mn: 0,70-1,00, V: 0,04-0,12 |
| Q235B | Mexanik xususiyat | Kimyoviy tarkibi (%) | |||||||||
| Hosildorlik kuchi | Mustahkamlik chegarasi | Cho'zilish | Qattiqlik | C | Si | Mn | S | P | |||
| MPa | kg/mm² | MPa | kg/mm² | min | HB | dan kichik yoki teng | dan kichik yoki teng | dan kichik yoki teng | |||
| dan katta yoki teng | dan katta yoki teng | ||||||||||
| 235 | 24 | 375-460 | 38-47 | 26% | 0.12-0.22 | 0.35 | 0.30-0.70 | 0.045 | 0.045 | ||
| 55Q | Mexanik xususiyat | Kimyoviy tarkibi (%) | |||||||||
| Hosildorlik kuchi | Mustahkamlik chegarasi | Cho'zilish | Qattiqlik | C | Si | Mn | S | P | |||
| MPa | kg/mm² | MPa | kg/mm² | min | HBW | dan kichik yoki teng | dan kichik yoki teng | ||||
| dan katta yoki teng | dan katta yoki teng | dan katta yoki teng | dan katta yoki teng | dan katta yoki teng | |||||||
| 685 | 69 | 197 | 0.50-0.60 | 0.15-0.35 | 0.60-0.90 | 0.04 | 0.04 | ||||
To'g'ri turdagi temir relsni tanlang
GNEE RAIL18 yildan ortiq tarixga ega bo'lgan professional po'lat temir yo'l yetkazib beruvchi. Rivojlanish yillarida GNEE RAIL mahsulotlari butun dunyo bo'ylab temir yo'l qurilishi, port qurilishi, kran uskunalari va tog'-kon sanoatida keng qo'llaniladi.
Xitoy standart temir temir yo'l
| Tasniflash | Balandligi (mm) | Bosh (mm) | Pastki (mm) | Qalin (mm) | Og'irligi (kg/m) | |
| Yengil temir yo'l | 8 KG/M | 65 | 25 | 54 | 7 | 8.42 |
| 9 KG/M | 63.5 | 32.1 | 63.5 | 5.9 | 8.94 | |
| 12 KG/M | 69.85 | 38.1 | 69.85 | 7.54 | 12.2 | |
| 15 KG/M | 79.37 | 42.86 | 79.37 | 8.33 | 15.2 | |
| 18 KG/M | 80 | 40 | 80 | 10 | 18.06 | |
| 22 KG/M | 93.66 | 50.8 | 93.66 | 10.72 | 22.3 | |
| 24 KG/M | 107 | 51 | 90 | 10.9 | 24.46 | |
| 30 KG/M | 107.95 | 60.33 | 107.95 | 12.3 | 30.1 | |
| Og'ir temir yo'l | 38 KG/M | 134 | 68 | 114 | 13 | 38.733 |
| 43 KG/M | 140 | 70 | 114 | 14.5 | 44.653 | |
| 45 KG/M | 145 | 67 | 126 | 14.5 | 45.546 | |
| 50 KG/M | 152 | 70 | 132 | 15.5 | 51.514 | |
| 60 KG/M | 176 | 73 | 150 | 16.5 | 60.64 | |
| Kranli temir yo'l | QU 70 | 120 | 70 | 120 | 28 | 52.8 |
| QU 80 | 130 | 80 | 130 | 32 | 63.69 | |
| QU 100 | 150 | 100 | 150 | 38 | 88.96 | |
| QU 120 | 170 | 120 | 170 | 44 | 118.1 | |
DIN536 kranli temir yo'l
| Temir yo'l turi | Standart | Olchamlari mm | Steel darajasi | Massa M | |||
| A | F | C | t | kg/m | |||
| A45 | DIN 536 P1: 1991 | 55,00 | 125,00 | 45,00 | 24,00 | 50Mn | 22,10 |
| A55 | DIN 536 P1: 1991 | 65,00 | 150,00 | 55,00 | 31,00 | 50Mn | 31,80 |
| A65 | DIN 536 P1: 1991 | 75,00 | 175,00 | 65,00 | 38,00 | 50Mn | 43,10 |
| A75 | DIN 536 P1: 1991 | 85,00 | 200,00 | 75,00 | 45,00 | U71Mn | 56,20 |
| A100 | DIN 536 P1: 1991 | 95,00 | 200,00 | 100,00 | 60,00 | U71Mn | 74,30 |
| A120 | DIN 536 P1: 1991 | 105,00 | 220,00 | 120,00 | 72,00 | U71Mn | 100,00 |
| A150 | DIN 536 P1: 1991 | 150,00 | 220,00 | 150,00 | 80,00 | U71Mn | 150,30 |
DIN 5901 yengil temir yo'l
| turi | Standart | Olchamlari mm | Chelik darajasi | Massa M | |||
| Temir yo'l | A | F | C | t | kg/m | ||
| S10 | DIN5901 | 70 | 58 | 32 | 6 | Q235B/55Q | 10 |
| S14 | DIN5901 | 80 | 70 | 38 | 9 | Q235B/55Q | 14 |
| S18 | DIN5901 | 93 | 82 | 43 | 10 | Q235B/55Q | 18.3 |
| S20 | DIN5901 | 100 | 82 | 44 | 10 | Q235B/55Q | 19.8 |
| S24 | DIN5901 | 115 | 90 | 53 | 10 | Q235B/55Q | 24.4 |
| S30 | DIN5901 | 108 | 108 | 60.3 | 12.3 | Q235B/55Q | 30.03 |
EN13674 Temir yo'l
| turi | Standart | Olchamlari mm | Chelik darajasi | Massa M | |||
| Temir yo'l | A | F | C | t | kg/m | ||
| 39E1(BS80A) | EN13674–4 | 133.4 | 117.5 | 63.5 | 13.1 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 39.77 |
| 45E1(BS90A) | EN13674–4 | 142.88 | 127 | 66.67 | 13.89 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 45.11 |
| 45E3(RN45) | EN13674–4 | 142 | 130 | 66 | 15 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 44.79 |
| 46E2(U33) | EN13674–4 | 145 | 134 | 62 | 15 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 46.27 |
| 49E1(S49) | EN13674–4 | 149 | 125 | 67 | 14 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 49.39 |
| 49E2 | EN13674–4 | 148 | 125 | 67 | 14 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 49.1 |
| 49E5 | EN13674–4 | 149 | 125 | 67 | 14 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 49.13 |
| 50E1 | EN13674–4 | 153 | 134 | 65 | 15.5 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 50.37 |
| 50E2(50EB-T) | EN13674–4 | 151 | 140 | 72 | 15 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 49.97 |
| 50E4 | EN13674–4 | 152 | 125 | 70 | 15 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 50.46 |
| 50E5 | EN13674–4 | 148 | 135 | 67 | 14 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 49.9 |
| 50E6(U50) | EN13674–4 | 153 | 140 | 65 | 15.5 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 50.9 |
| 54E1(UIC54) | EN13674–4 | 159 | 140 | 70 | 16 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 54.77 |
| 54E2(UIC54E) | EN13674–4 | 161 | 125 | 67 | 16 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 53.82 |
| 54E3(DINS54) | EN13674–4 | 154 | 125 | 67 | 16 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 54.57 |
| 54E4 | EN13674–4 | 154 | 125 | 67 | 16 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 54.31 |
| 54E5(54E1AHC) | EN13674–4 | 159 | 140 | 70.2 | 16 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 54.42 |
| 55E1 | EN13674–4 | 155 | 134 | 62 | 19 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 56.03 |
| 56E1(BS113Lb) | EN13674–4 | 158.75 | 140 | 69.85 | 20 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 56.3 |
| 60E1(UIC60) | EN13674–4 | 172 | 150 | 72 | 16.5 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 60.21 |
| 60E2 | EN13674–4 | 172 | 150 | 72 | 16.5 | R200/R260/R260Mn/R300HT | 60.03 |
ASTM A1 temir yo'li
| Hajmi | Rey balandligi (mm) | Pastki kenglik (mm) | Bosh kengligi (mm) | Veb qalinligi (mm) | Chelik darajasi | Og'irligi (kg/m) |
| A | F | C | t | |||
| ASCE25 | 69.85 | 69.85 | 38.1 | 7.54 | 55Q | 12.2 |
| ASCE30 | 79.37 | 79.37 | 42.86 | 8.33 | 55Q | 15.2 |
| ASCE40 | 88.9 | 88.9 | 47.6 | 9.9 | 55Q | 19.84 |
| ASCE50 | 98.43 | 98.43 | 54 | 11.11 | 55Q | 24.855 |
| ASCE60 | 107.95 | 107.95 | 60.33 | 12.3 | 55Q | 30.1 |
| ASCE70 | 117.48 | 117.48 | 61.91 | 13.1 | 55Q | 34.5 |
| ASCE80 | 127 | 127 | 63.5 | 13.89 | U71Mn | 39.82 |
| ASCE85 | 131.76 | 131.76 | 65.09 | 14.29 | U71Mn | 42.3 |
JIS E 1101 temir yo'l
| Temir yo'l turi | Rey balandligi (mm) | Pastki kenglik (mm) | Bosh kengligi (mm) | Veb qalinligi (mm) | Chelik darajasi | Og'irligi (kg/m) |
| A | F | C | t | |||
| 9 kg | 63.5 | 63.5 | 32.1 | 5.9 | 55Q/5OMn | 8.94 |
| 10 kg | 66.67 | 66.67 | 34.13 | 6.35 | 55Q/5OMn | 10.1 |
| 12 kg | 69.85 | 69.85 | 38.1 | 7.54 | 55Q/5OMn | 12.2 |
| 15 kg | 79.37 | 79.37 | 42.86 | 8.33 | 55Q/5OMn | 15.2 |
| 22 kg | 93.66 | 93.66 | 50.8 | 10.72 | 55Q/5OMn | 22.3 |
| 30kg (30A) | 107.95 | 107.95 | 60.33 | 12.3 | 55Q/5OMn | 30.1 |
| 37kg (37A) | 122.24 | 122.24 | 62.71 | 13.49 | 55Q/5OMn | 37.2 |
| 40kgN (40N) | 140 | 122 | 64 | 14 | 55Q/5OMn | 40.9 |
| 50kg (50PS) | 144.46 | 127 | 67.87 | 14.29 | 55Q/5OMn | 50.4 |
| 50kgN (50N) | 153 | 127 | 65 | 15 | 55Q/5OMn | 50.4 |
| 60 kg | 174 | 145 | 65 | 16.5 | 55Q/5OMn | 60.8 |
JIS E 1103 kranli temir yo'l
| Temir yo'l turi | Rey balandligi (mm) | Pastki kenglik (mm) | Bosh kengligi (mm) | Veb qalinligi (mm) | Chelik darajasi | Og'irligi (kg/m) |
| A | F | C | t | |||
| CR73 | 135 | 140 | 100 | 32 | U71Mn | 73.3 |
| CR100 | 150 | 155 | 120 | 39 | U71Mn | 100.2 |
